Eleocharis sphacelata

Eleocharis sphacelata, or Tall Spike-rush, is a robust, aquatic perennial sedge in the family Cyperaceae, native to Australia. Commonly found in wetlands, shallow lakes, and slow-moving water bodies, it is well-adapted to still or slow-moving freshwater habitats, tolerating water depths of up to 5 meters. This spreading perennial features long, upright, cylindrical green stems that can grow up to 3–5 meters tall in deep water, lending a striking, structural elegance to aquatic landscapes. The foliage is reduced to a small tip on a tubular sheath surrounding the flowering stems, giving the plant a distinctive straw-like appearance.

From spring to summer, Tall Spike-rush produces small, brown, bract-like flowers clustered into cylindrical spikelets (sedge flowers) up to 6 cm long at the tips of its tall stems. These are followed by golden-brown fruits adorned with tiny 2 mm bristles at their base, contributing to the plant's subtle yet functional aesthetic. The segmented, straw-like culms (flowering stems) are a defining feature of this species.

Thriving in waterlogged soils and tolerating full sun to partial shade, Eleocharis sphacelata is ideal for wetland restoration, riparian planting, and freshwater aquatic environments. It also plays a crucial ecological role, providing vital habitat and shelter for aquatic wildlife, including fish, frogs, and invertebrates, and serving as an important source of nesting material for water birds.

With its tall, graceful stems, ecological importance, and adaptability to deep water habitats, Eleocharis sphacelata is a key species for wetland rehabilitation, biodiversity enhancement, and sustainable water-sensitive landscaping. Its ability to support aquatic ecosystems while adding visual appeal makes it an essential component of functional and biodiverse aquatic environments.